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Dr. Maiello's Course Website
General Biology 101- 102
General Biology 101
Fall 2009:
TEXT READING ASSIGNMENTS
Read through each of the assigned text chapters (24, 17, 31, 32 and 33) before lecture classes . Some of the lecture material is NOT in the text - classroom attendance is mandatory for obtaining this information.
| Text Book: Biology (6th ed.) Concepts and Connections: Oct. 12 - Chap. 24 The Immune System Oct. 19 - Chap. 17 Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of Land. Start Chap. 31 Plant Structure, Reproduction, and Development Oct. 26 - finish Chap.31, start Chap. 32 Nutrition and Transport Nov. 2 - finish Chap. 32, read Chap. 33 Control Systems in Plants Nov. 9 Discussion/Review, Lecture Exam Fri. Nov. 13 at 2:30 PM. Note: Students using the text: The Living World (5th ed.) should read the chapters in this order: Chap. 33 How the Animal Body Defends Itself Chap. 23 Plant Form and Function Chap. 24 Plant Reproduction & Growth Chap. 22 Plant Control Systems Evolution of Plants including Fig.22.6 The life cycle of a moss and fig. 22.10 the fern life cycle. Chap. 21 Fungi Invade the Land
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General Biology 102
SPRING 2010
TEXT READING ASSIGNMENTS
Current Text: Biology (6th ed.) Concepts and Connections: Read Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Note: Students using the older textbook: "The Living World" (5th ed.) should read chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Read through each of the assigned text chapters. Some of the lecture material is NOT in the text - classroom attendance is mandatory for obtaining this information.
The following chapters and pages refer to the current text.
WEEKS 1 AND 2:
Read Chap. 2. The Chemical Basis of Life and Chap. 3. The Molecules of Cells:
Define the terms: "atoms", "matter", "protons", neutrons", "electrons", "atomic number" and "mass number".
Ions and isotopes. What is an "ionic bond"? Chemical groups: hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, phosphate group and methyl group (p.35).
Molecules. How are the following chemical bonds distinguished? Ionic bond, covalent bond, double bond and hydrogen bond.
Read all modules in Chap. 3 The Molecules of Cells
3.3 Forming Macromolecules: Polymers are built of monomers
Define "organic molecule", monomer vs. polymer, dehydration reaction (dehydration synthesis) vs. hydrolysis (p.36).
Carbohydrates (p.37).
There are the three types of carbohydrates. How are they distinguished? Describe their functions.
Describe "high-fructose" corn syrup. Why is it associated with obesity (p.38).
Lipids (p.40,41) Lipids, phospholipids, steroids and anabolic steroids.
Describe the general composition of fats using the terms "glycerol" and "fatty acids". What is a triglyceride? Why is a steroid classified as a lipid?
Proteins p.42,43.
What are proteins chemically composed of? Describe the chemical structure of amino acids. Explain carboxyl group, amino group and functional group "R" in your answer. Define the "peptide bond" and "polypeptide". Distinguish these terms in regard to proteins in a paragraph: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.
3.14 A protein's shape depends on four levels of structure. P. 44-45.
Examine the four brief definitions (below) describing the various levels of protein structure. Select from the following the choice that best defines primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structures. P.44,45.
- The basic shape a chain of amino acids assumes in 3 dimensional space.
- The sequence and number of amino acids in a chain.
- The way the coils, sheets and helices of a whole protein are arranged.
- Specifically refers to proteins having more than one chain of amino acids (the way the chains interact).
Chemical Reactions: reactants, substrates and products.
How Enzymes Work. Describe the functions of enzymes. Relate the following terms to enzyme action in the cell: "active site", "substrate", "enzyme-substrate complex" and "product". What factors affect enzyme activity?
Nucleic acids (p.46,47).
How does DNA structure differ from RNA? What is the "double helix"? Describe the structure of a nucleotide.
WEEK 3:
Read Chap.4 A Tour of the Cell
What is meant by the cell theory?
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane). Explain the structure of this membrane.
Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells
The Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cells. Compare and contrast the organelles found in eukaryotic plant and animal cells. Explain the functions of the organelles.
Functional Categories of Cell Structures: p. 69 Table 4.23 Eukaryotic Cell Structures and Functions.
Chap. 5 The Working Cell
Diffusion and Osmosis
isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
membrane selective permeability passive transport (p74, 75)
How does active transport differ from facilitated diffusion? P.77,78.
Bulk transport across membranes: endocytosis vs. exocytosis p.79.
Chap. 6. How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
ATP: The Energy Currency of the Cell
. Name the parts of the ATP molecule. How does ATP function in the cell?
Stages of Cellular Respiration and Fermentations: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, election transport chain, chemiosmosis, ATP synthases, lactic acid fermentation vs. alcohol fermentation.
After reading this chapter, you should be able to explain glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation, chemiosmosis, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Where do these reactions occur in the cell?
Where is most of the ATP synthesized? How does respiration occur in organisms that do not require oxygen?
Week 4:
Read Chap. 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
The Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle
Overview: The two stages of photosynthesis (above) are linked by ATP and NADPH: P. 111.
After reading this chapter, you should be able to explain the importance of photosynthesis. You should also be able to summarize the chemical reactions that occur using the terms: photosystems, electron transport system (ETS), chemiosmosis, NADPH, Light-Dependent Reactions and Calvin cycle.